To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of topical hemostatic agents in the treatment of UGIB in a tertiary hospital. 

A retrospective study conducted at Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta in Girona. Patients with UGIB treated between January 2016 and June 2025 were included. Data were obtained from the Endobase database. Demographic variables, indication for gastroscopy, etiology of bleeding, use of topical hemostatic agent as first-line treatment, technical success, rebleeding, and 30-day survival were collected. 

A total of 47 patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 66.08 years and a male predominance (76.6%). The main indication for gastroscopy was hematemesis (53.2%), followed by melena (34.0%) and rectal bleeding (4.3%). The most frequent etiology was esophagogastroduodenal neoplasm (25.5%), followed by duodenal ulcer (21.3%), esophagitis (14.9%), gastric ulcer (6.4%), and variceal bleeding (6.4%). The topical hemostatic agent was used as first-line treatment in 27.7% of cases. Immediate hemostasis was achieved in 91.5%, with technical success in 89.4%. Rebleeding at 7 days was 19.1% and at 30 days 23.4%. The 30-day survival rate was 78.7%. 

The use of topical hemostatic agents in UGIB showed a high rate of technical success and immediate hemostasis. These results support their use as an effective tool in the endoscopic management of UGIB, especially in selected cases (neoplasms or refractory bleeding) and even as a first-line option.