Aims
Self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) in the cervical esophagus remains challenging, as this region is often considered a relative contraindication for stenting and is commonly associated with complications (foreign-body sensation, migration). The NITI-S Cervical Esophageal Stent (Taewoong Medical) featuring a proximal release mechanism, was specifically designed to address these limitations. Our aim was to evaluate safety, efficacy, and associated adverse events (AEs) associated with this cervical-specific esophageal stent design.
Methods
Retrospective, observational,, single-center study. All cases with placement of a NITI-S Cervical stent placement (2012–2025) were identified. Epidemiological, clinical, and technical variables were collected. Follow-up included clinical outcomes and stent-related complications.
Results
Among 520 patients who underwent esophageal stenting during the study period, 31 received a cervical-specific stent (71% male; mean age 73 years). The most predominant indication (71%) was malignant stenosis (esophageal or head-and-neck cancer). Technical success was 90%; three cases required immediate stent removal due to intraprocedural malposition. Clinical success (restoration of oral intake) was achieved in 92%. Mild AEs occurred in 18.75% of cases, mainly pain and foreign-body sensation. Migration occurred in 25% (4 proximal, 3 distal), and tissue ingrowth in 7%. Overall, 8 patients (26%) required stent removal due to migration or intolerance. No procedure-related mortality was observed. Mean follow-up was 2.9 months (SD ± 5.6). In 57% of cases, follow-up ended due to patient death
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TABLE 1: DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS (N=31) |
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VARIABLE |
N (%) |
|
SEX |
|
|
Male |
22 (71) |
|
Female |
9 (29) |
|
AGE |
Mean: 73 years |
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INDICATION |
|
|
Stenosis |
24 (77) |
|
Fistula |
3 (10) |
|
Perforation |
4 (13) |
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NEOPLASTIC ORIGIN |
|
|
Yes |
22 (71) |
|
No |
9 (29) |
|
TYPE OF NEOPLASIA |
|
|
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma |
13 (42) |
|
Esophageal adenocarcinoma |
2 (6.4) |
|
Malignant head-and-neck tumor |
4 (13) |
|
Lung adenocarcinoma |
2 (6,4) |
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PALLIATIVE TREATMENT |
|
|
Yes |
21 (67.7) |
|
No |
10 (32.3) |
Conclusions
This 13-year series represents one of the largest published experiences with cervical-specific SEMS. Despite the inherent challenges of cervical esophageal stenting, our results demonstrate high technical (90%) and clinical (92%) success rates with acceptable tolerability, supporting their role in palliative management of malignant cervical esophageal stenosis