Training in gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has mainly relied on plastic simulators, virtual reality platforms, mechanical, and animal tissue models. While widely used, the above modalities lack key features of the human GI tract, including anatomical accuracy, mucosal appearance, and tissue responsiveness. Human cadaver models provide a lifelike experience in surgical training. However, despite various efforts to develop GI endoscopy training on human cadavers, limitations in preservation methods, tissue quality, and reproducibility have prevented widespread adoption so far.

We developed a novel soft-embalming technique specifically optimised to preserve the human GI tract. Preservation quality was initially validated on three cadavers via standard upper and lower GI endoscopy. We established an international one-day hands-on GI endoscopy training program using our novel, next-generation human cadaver models designed explicitly for the realistic practice of diagnostic and basic therapeutic endoscopic techniques. Participants practiced diagnostic upper and lower GI endoscopy and basic therapeutic procedures, including endoscopic band ligation (EBL) and submucosal injection using Fujifilm devices.

The preserved GI tracts closely resembled living tissue, with realistic mucosal appearance, tissue pliability, and luminal distension. Notably, the reduced adherence of the upper GI mucosa to the submucosa proved beneficial for practising submucosal injection and EBL techniques. Preservation chemicals caused no damage to endoscopic equipment, and the cadavers remained suitable for reuse. 70 participants from 14 countries have completed the training across three courses since 2024, and reported significant improvements in both endoscopic technical proficiency and confidence. A total of 51 trainees completed a standardized evaluation (Likert scale 1–5), the results of which are summarized in Table I.

Table I. Summary of Trainee Evaluations (1 = poor, 5 = excellent)

This new-generation human cadaver model provides a realistic, safe, and reusable platform for GI endoscopy training. Quantitative evaluations from 51 trainees demonstrate high realism and educational value, supporting its integration into international endoscopy curricula. Its ability to enable both diagnostic and therapeutic training - especially submucosal injection, rarely feasible in cadaver models - positions this innovation as a promising bridge between simulation tools and real-world clinical practice.